Ten patients comprising one of spondylolysis and 9 of spondyolisthesis were treated by modified posterior spinal fusion. The technique consisted of freshing of posterior laminar surfaces, the apophyseal joints, and the defect in pars interarticularis and Bosworth, s clothespin bone graft supplemented with cancellous strips. During a follow up of 3 to 7 years the results were excellent in 4 and good in 6.

Twenty-five cases of monoarticular knee joint disease have been subjected to synovlal fluid examination and needle biopsy. Definitive diagnosis could be made in 36 per cent of cases by synovial fluid examination when history, clinical features and radiological findings were also considered. Addition of needle synovial biopsy confirmed diagnosis in further 40 per cent cases. Needle biopsy is a helpful adjuvant as an out-patient investigation procedure for monoarticular joint disease specially of the knee joint. Sufficient tissue could be obtained in all cases for conclusive histopathological examination by punch biopsy for definitive diagnosis.

In 59 consecutive cases of skeletal tuberculosis, material from cold abscesses (35) or from tuberculous joints (14) were analysed for concentrations of ethambutol or rifampicin. In addition aspirates form 21 non-infective joint effusions were also analysed. The concentration of drugs in the serum or tuberculous material or non-infective joint aspirate was measured 3 hours after oral administration of a single drug in a therapeutic dose. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Ethambutol penetrated freely into cold abscesses, tuberculous joints and in non-infective articular effusions. The concentration of rifampicin in cold abscesses, tuberculous joints and in non-infective joint effusions was less than half of that in the serum. There was a wide range of concentrations, however, each time it was much higher than those considered to have inhibitory effect on mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical material. There was on difference of penetration in the infected and non-infective material.

Effect of intra-articular hydrocortisone injection on articular cartilage of 35 normal rabbits were studies. Definite destruction of the normal articular cartilage was noted with this therapy and the degree of destruction was proportionate to the does of steroid used.

Thirty-seven patients of peripheral nerve injuries were subjected to S.D. curve plotting and electromyography to assess the value of these tests in the diagnosis and prognosis of these lesions. Both were found to be useful aids to the clinical assessment. While S.D. curve was simpler and could be done as an out-patients procedure electromyography was more sensitive but required a sophisticated laboratory and could cause discomfort of patients.

Twelve patients of pelvic ring disruption out of 94 patients of fracture pelvis in young adult males, treated by external skeletal fixation with compression frame are presented. Fixation was carried out within 3 days of injury after recovery from the initial shock. It was found simple and permitted an early weight bearing. The results were uniformly excellent.

Management of extension type of supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children poses multiple problems of ambulation, comfort etc. Supracondylar fracture of the humerus in 26 children with such problems were treated by closed reduction and fixation with arm to chest strapping with elbow in Jone’s position. This method of immobilization was found to be safe, comfortable, easy to apply, economic, and with high success rate. There was need for remanipulation in one case (3.8 per cent) only, a case of unstable fracture. Period of immobilization ranged from 16 to 24 days. The results were excellent in 84.6 per cent cases and good in 15.4 per cent. The present study has explored the utility of this technique in routine management of supracondylar fracture in children.

A retrospective analysis of 78 cases of closed fractures of the upper end of adult radius, with a follow-up of one year to 5 years was done. The fracture occurred in the neck of radius in 44 and in the head of radius in 34 cases. Overall results of conservative treatment are better than those of operative. It appears that the excision of the head of radius should be reserved only for the cases with bony blocks produced by the fractured fragments.

Four cases of Monteggia lesion type IV (fracture of upper third of shaft of radius and ulna with dislocation of head of radius) seen during a period of 2 years have been reported. Missed diagnosis and delay in 3 cases has led to complications.

Two cases of Monteggia fracture dislocation with fracture-separation of upper radial epiphysis are presented. One of these cases was treated by closed reduction while the other required surgery.

A 3 years old female child attended with open, moderately contaminated wound with almost complete extrusion of the tibial diaphysis. The extruded diaphyseal segment was thoroughly cleaned with normal saline and subsequently reimplant after debridement of the wound. The osseous union occurred 6 months and the patient was left unsupported. At 13 months follow up patient showed one cm shortening.

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the spine, more so of the dorsal region, is a very uncommon entity. A case of aneursymal bone cyst of the dorsal 8th vertebra suspected on roentgen findings and confirmed by histopathology is reported in this communication.

A case of macrodactyly is reported because of its unusual features such as involvement of forearm tissues, tapering and thinning of metacarpals, and enlargement and thickening of metacarpal of the affected finger.

A case of bilateral Xanthoma of Achilles tendon with normal serum cholesterol is reported.

Suitable myocutaneous flap for skin cover around knee are described. Even in burn contracture of knee, interposing a myocutaneous flap is an advantage. They have been used with advantage in post-operative dehiscence of wound in post-burn contractures.